English Learning Unit 4 Body Languages ： Discover useful structures English Learning Learning objectives In this class we will:  Figure out the structure of –ing form as object and predicative.  Learn how to use –ing form as object and predicative.  Learn about the function of –ing form as object and predicative.  Review the functions and basic use of –ing form. English Learning What are the functions of the –ing form in the sentenc 1.es? Swimming is his favourite sport. It's used as the subject. 2. He is the man swimming in the river just now. It's used as the attribute. 3. Swimming in summer, we can get cool. It's used as the adverbial. 4. I found him swimming in the river. It's used as the object complement. 5. His favourite sport is swimming. It's used as the predicative. English Learning Can you find other examples of the -ing form from the reading text? 1. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by object predicate watching their body language. 2. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that predicative is appropriate to the culture you are in. 3. However, you should avoid making this gesture in object Brazil … 4. …, how close we stand to someone we are talking to … predicate English Learning 5. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head object when they meetobject someone object else. 6. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. predicative 7. Perhaps the best example is smiling. predicative 8. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to … object 9. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing predicate better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. object English Learning –ing used as predicative 1. -ing 形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种 动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。 ① What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 ② My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 English Learning 2. -ing 形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来表示主 语所具有的特征。 ① His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。 ② His words are encouraging.    他的话很鼓舞人心。 注：一般来讲， -ing 分词作表语有两种情况，一是名词性 ，这时主语和表语可以互换。即： Playing all kinds of music is our job. 二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。 –ing used as object 1. 有些动词 / 短语只能接 -ing 形式作宾语，常见的有 avoi d, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excu se, fancy, give up, put off, risk 等。 English Learning ① I can't avoid going. 我不能不去。 你喜欢教书吗？ ② Do you enjoy teaching?    ③ I couldn't help laughing.   我禁不住笑了起来。 ④ They will put off doing it until next year. 他们将推迟到明年再做此事。 English Learning 2. 有些动词后可接 -ing 或 to do 作宾语，且意义相差不大。 这类动词有 : begin, love, like, continue, hate, propose, prefer 等。 ① ·Do you like reading? 你喜欢看书吗？ ·I should like to hear other's views. 我愿意听听别人的意见。 ② ·I hate asking favors. 我不愿意求人帮忙。 ·He would hate to disappoint you. 他不愿意让你失望。 一般来说，这些动词后接 -ing 作宾语通常指抽象的、一般 的行为；而接 to do 则强调具体动作。 English Learning 3. 有些动词后既可以使用动词 -ing 形式又可以使用 to do ， 但语义有区别。如： forget; regret; remember; mean; try; st op ·forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事 ( 动作已发生 ) ·forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 ( 动作并未发生 ) ① I shall never forget hearing her singing that song. 我将不会忘记听她唱那支歌的情景。 ② I have forgotten to bring my umbrella. 我忘了带伞。 English Learning ·regret doing sth. 后悔做过…… I regret doing sth.= I did it and now I'm sorry about it. ·I regret to say / to tell / to inform you … = I'm sorry that I have to say (etc.) ① I regret lending him so much money because he never paid me back. 我很后悔借给他那么多钱，因为他从来没有还过我。 ② I regret to tell you that you failed the test. 我遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过考试。 English Learning · remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 ( 动作已发生 ) I remember doing sth. = I did it and now I remember this. You remember doing sth. after you have done it. ·remember to do sth. 记住做某事 （动作还没有发生） I remember to do sth. = I remembered that I had to do it, and so I did it. You remember to do sth. before you do it. ① I remember seeing you somewhere in London. 我记得在伦敦什么地方见到过你。 ② Do you remember to post the letter? 你记住寄这封信了吗 ? English Learning ·mean doing sth. 意味着…… to say that sth. has sth. else as a result ·mean to do sth. 打算做某事 to say that we intend(ed) to do sth. ① Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 赶不上那班巴士意味着就要再等一个小时。 ② I'm feeling very guilty—I've been meaning to call my parents for days, but still haven't got around to it. 我感到非常内疚——几天来我一直打算给父母打电话，但 还是没机会打。 English Learning ·try doing sth. 试着做某事 to say we test sth. to see if