2021 高考英语完型填空说明文解题技巧与练习 一：解题技巧 1．掌握说明顺序 为了清楚、条理地说明事物，作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤，考 生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。 例题：First of all...Then...__2__，the pen should make a thick, dark line.Fine－line pens may compensate_for bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text, as, for_example， a signature on a printed letter.A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威)． A．Meanwhile　　　　　　 B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally 作者为了介绍怎样选择好用的钢笔使用了过渡词 first of all, then 等引出相关的细节内 容，然后选 finally，与前面的过渡词保持一致。在说明文完形填空试题中，要特别注意文 中用来举例或说明步骤、方法或过程等的单词或短语。故选__D__。 2．利用逻辑关系 完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文是怎样的逻辑关系，找准关 键信息词，可以帮助我们解题。 例题：Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And they've never actually met you.Everything they know about you came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the telephone is. A．Thus B．Yet C．Then D．Indeed 上文说，很多人只凭桌上一个小小的装置(电话)就有了对你的印象，即使从未谋面。 他们对你的一切了解都来自这台装置，有时甚至相隔好几百英里。这里说，然而，他们感 觉仅通过你的声音就能了解你是个什么样的人。thus“因此，这样”；yet“然而”；then“于 是，接着”；indeed“的确；确实”。根据句意选_B__。 3．明白所举事例 作者为了说明一件事情或一个道理，通常会举出具体的事例。举例说明是说明文的常 用手法，也是做题的突破口。例如： 例题：To find the meaning from text－based clues, you should look for clues in the sentence.A second kind of clue does not rely on specific words to indicate the meaning.This kind of context clue is called a framework－based clue.Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words helps you discover the meaning of a word or sentence.Common sense and your knowledge of the part of speech also help define unknown words.For example, the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver.What does “vehemently” __56__？ You know what __57__ means, and you know how people feel when they argue.From this, you can figure out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong emotion or intense feelings. 56．A．mean. B．use C．contain D．complete 57．A．angry B．grateful C．happy D．anxious 本文主要介绍在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。有时候在阅读中所遇到的生词的 意思可以通过语境知道其含义。空格前面的句子说，常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者) 给生词下定义。为了表达上文的意思，作者举例说，一个发怒的司机与另一个司机吵架的 过程中喊叫着。这里用副词 vehemently 来修饰动词 shouted。作者这里肯定问的是： “vehemently”是什么意思呢？因此 56 题选_A__项，与下文中的“You know what __57__ means”形成呼应。57 题选__A__，意思是“你知道 angry 是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们 在争辩时的感受”，也与上文中的“the angry driver”相呼应。因此理解所举例子对理解文章所 述道理非常有帮助。 二：篇章精析 New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human － made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out.A study, _1.C__ in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the _2.B__ age of some Amazonian tree species—more than 8 million years—and _3.D__ shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods _4.C__for the year 2100. The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will _5.B__ survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes._6.B__ extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures _7.A__， the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures.The authors _8.D__ that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain _9.C__ on preventing deforestation(采伐森林) for agriculture and mining. The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species' extinctions _10.B__ relatively small increases in global average air temperatures. Study co－author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the _11.A__ were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over－exploitation of the forest remained major _12.A__ to the Amazon's future. Dr Lewis said, “The past cannot be compared directly with the future.While tree species seem likely to _13.B__ higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and _14.D__， and what remains is being degraded(使恶化) by logging (伐木) ， and increasingly split up by fields and roads.” “Species will not move as freely in today's Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human _15.B__.Similarly, today's climate change is extremely fast ，making comparisons with slower changes in the past _16.A__.” “With a clearer _17.C__ of the relative risks to the Amazon forest ，we _18.B__ that direct human impacts—such as fore