定语从句 1. 定语： 通常用来修饰名词的那部分就叫定语 2. 可以作定语的成分 The little boy needs a blue pen. 形容词 The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. 介词短语 The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 非谓语 to do The boys playing football are in Class 2. 非谓语 doing The trees planted last year are growing well now. 非谓语 done The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 从句 3. 定语从句： 一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词之后，进行修饰限定。 男老师 帅气的男老师 爱敷面膜的男老师 （有动词出现：要出句子） 3.1 定语从句的基本结构 The boy who is reading needs a pen. 先行词 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 who/whom/whose which/that when where why 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词，代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。 关系词常有 3 个作用：①连接主从句 ② 指代先行词 ③在定语从句中担当成分 关系词可省略：关系代词在从句中充当宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 3.2 定语从句的关系代词 1)关系代词 who；作主宾；先行词指人 The boy who is sitting in our classroom is handsome. The boy who you are talking with is handsome. 2)关系代词 whom 作宾；先行词指人；可以构成介词+whom The boy whom you are talking with is handsome. The boy with whom you are talking is handsome. 3)关系代词 which 作主宾；先行词指物；可以构成介词+which I often go to the store which sells lots of things. This is the T-shirt which we are talking about. This is the T-shirt about which we are talking. 4)关系代词 that 作主宾；先行词指人/物；不可以构成介词+that The boy _________________ is sitting in our classroom is handsome. The boy ___________________you are talking with is handsome. I often go to the store ___________________sells lots of things. I like the T-shirt _________________he bought yesterday very much. The boy with ___________a girl is talking is handsome. This is the T-shirt about _____________we are talking. 只能用 that 的情况 ① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. ② 先行词被 every, some, no, all, any, little, much 等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that you lend me. ③everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much 等不定代词作先行词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true. ④ 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. ⑤ 主句已有 who 或 which 时 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. ⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时 I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. 5) 关系代词 whose 作定语；先行词指人/物的；可以构成介词+which 注意语序：whose+名词=the +名词+ of which/whom I live in a room whose window faces south. I know Tom, whose room is beautiful. I live in a room, the window of which faces south. I know Tom, the room of whom is beautiful. 3.3 定语从句的关系副词 1) 关系副词 when 作状语；先行词指时间；when = 介词（in/on/at/during）+which I still remember the day when I first met him. I will remember the time which/that/省略 I spend at school. I still remember the day when/on which I first came to this school. 2) 关系副词 where 作状语；先行词指地点；where = 介词（in/on/at/to）+which This is the house where he was born. This is the city where/in which I spent my childhood. This is the city which/that/省略 they talked about . where 地点模糊化 总结：特殊先行词:job/ business, case/point, situation/condition, stage She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. You reach a point where medicine can’t help. It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 3) 关系副词 why 作状语；先行词指原因； why=for +which I do not know the reason why he did not come here. The reason why/for which l like basketball is that it is interesting. Can you tell me the reason which/that/省略 he explained at the meeting? 3.4 定语从句做题方法 1）定语从句公式：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 2）划出定语从句 起点：①通常从关系词开始 ② 从介词+关系词开始 ③ 关系词省略时，从第二个主语开始 终点：① 通常划到关系词后面的标点符号 ② 关系词后面的第二个谓语动词前。 3）从句不完整（即缺主干）的情况 ① 谓语动词前缺主语 I don't like stories that have unhappy endings. Maybe you have a habit which is driving your family crazy. ② 谓语动词（及物动词）后缺宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语都属于宾语） 单一谓语动词 He is one man whom I admire. She lost the necklace that her husband has bought her 注意：动词 buy 后面要接双宾语,buy sb.sh.，sb.是间接宾语，sth.是直接宾语，缺任何一个都属于缺宾语 谓语动词短语 want to do/ be busy doing/ dream of doing/ promise to be 等，在这些结构中谓语动词不是单一的动词 want /be/dream/promise,要将这种动词短语结构要作为一个整体,来做句子的谓语动词。 The book which I dream of buying is about science. John didn't become the man he promised to be. ③ 介词后缺宾语 This restaurant has a homelike atmosphere which many others are short of. The boy whom I talked with was her sister. 4 ) whose 通常具有形容词词性，充当定语，因此必须和名词同时出现。 做题方法： 1.判断是什么从句 2.分析从句主干成分 缺主干：关系代词 不缺主干：关系副词+whose 3.辨析从句先行词 3.5 定语从句的分类： 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 He has two sons, who work in the same company. He has two sons who work in the same company. You always work hard，which everyone knows． ① 形式不同：非限定性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开。 ② 功能不同：限定性定语从句是限定或修饰先行词的，不能去掉，否则句子意思会不完整或不明确。而非 限是