考点 17 阅读理解之词义猜测的高考实战 正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的前提与基础，不懂单词或 短语的含义就谈不上对文章的理解。但英语中单词或短语的含义有时并非完全 等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义常随语境的变化而不同。能根据不同 语境理解灵活变化的单词或短语的意义是一项重要的阅读理解能力，也是高考 英语阅读理解中常考的一种题型。 [典型题练习] 三 词义猜测题 A 本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流 入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此 美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到 了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。 （2021 年全国高考新高考 I 卷英语试题） When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 1．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports. C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals. 2．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A．Acquire. B．Export. C．Destroy. D．Distribute. 3．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away. C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【分析】 1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上 百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地， 故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选 A。 2． 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的 很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句 陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方， 即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire 获得；B. Export 出口；C. Destroy 破坏；D. Distribute 分配。故选 C。 3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自 1934 年起， 超过 5 亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过 500 万公顷的水禽栖息地，故 可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选 D。 4． 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此 美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到 了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票 的故事，故选 A。 B 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里 全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。 （2021 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语试题） I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk. As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the ho