Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 一、必背单词： yard n 院子 sweet adj 甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的 memory n．记忆；回忆 cent n 分；分币 toy n．玩具 bear n．熊 maker n．生产者；制订者 scarf n．围巾；披巾；头巾 soft adj 软的；柔软的 check v＆n 检查；审査 board n．板；木板 junior adj 地位（或职位、级别） 低下的 clear v 清理；清除 bedroom n．卧室 own v.拥有；有 railway n 铁路；铁道 part v.离开；分开 certain adj 某种；某事；某人 honest adj 诚实的,老实的 while n．一段时间；一会儿 truthful adj 诚实的；真实的 hometown n．家乡；故乡 nowadays adv．现今；现在；目前 search v＆n 搜索；搜查 among prep 在（其）中,….之一 crayon n 彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡 笔） shame n．羞耻：羞愧；惭愧 regard v 将…认为；把…视为；看 待 count v 数数 century n．百年；世纪 opposite prep 与…相对；在……对 面 adj 对面的；另一边的 especially adv．尤其；特别；格外 childhood n．童年；幼年 consider v．注视；仔细考虑 hold v 拥有；抓住 二、常考短语 how long 多久；多长时间 at least 至少 have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会 once or twice a year 一年一两次 give away 捐赠；赠送 millions of 数以百万计的 not…． anymore 不再… search for 寻找 welcome to…欢迎到…… according to 依据；按照 a bit 一点儿；稍微 across from 在…对面 board games 棋类游戏 in one’ s opinion 依某人看 check out 察看；观察 in order to 为了 a bread maker 面包机 close to 几乎；接近 grow up 长大；成熟；成长 It’s＋adj（＋ for sb．）＋ to do sth（对某人来说）做某 clear out 清理；丢掉 事是……的。 a lot of 许多 want to do sth．想要做某事 no longer 不再；不复 love doing sth 喜欢做某事 at first 首先；最初 decide to do sth 决定做某事 for example 例如 have been in＋地点名词 在某地待了多久 a train and railway set－套火车和铁路轨道的玩具 hope to do sth．希望做某事 as for 至于；关于 one of＋the＋形容词最高级十复数可数名词 最……的 give up 放弃 …..之一 to be honest 说实在的 used to do sth．过去常常做某事 on weekends 在周末 need to do sth 需要做某事 1/8 三、重点句型： 1. ---How long have you had that bike over there? ---I’ve had it for three years. 2. Because I' ve had it since I was a baby. 3. As they get bigger, our house seems to get smaller. 4. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use 5. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven 6. It was such a happy childhood 四、重点语法：现在完成时（Ⅲ） 1． － How long have you had that bike over there？那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ --- I’ve had it for three years．我买了它三年了 2. I've had them since I was a child.从我是个小孩子起，我就拥有它们了 3. He's owned it since his fourth birthday.自从他的 4 岁生日起，他就拥有它了 以上句子的时态是含有 how long，for 与 since 等的现在完成时，此时现在完成时有什么用法，句中的动词又有什 么特点呢？ 1．现在完成时的用法 表示从过去某时开始持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到 现在的一段时间的状语，如“for＋时间段”“ since＋时间点”“ since 引导的从句（一般过去时）”“ since＋－段时间＋ ago”等连用。 I have lived here for ten years．我已经住在这儿 10 年了。（从 10 年前开始，持续到现在还住在这儿） I have lived here since2006.自从 2006 年以我就住在这儿。（从 2006 年开始，持续到现在还住在这儿） 注意：for 与 since 引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago．我的 叔叔已经在这个エ厂エ作 5 年了 2．句中动词的特点 此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。 （1）这本书我已经买了 3 年了。 I've bought the book for three years. (X) I've had the book for three years. (√) （2）你哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the army? (X) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? (√) 3．延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示经过、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 I’ve known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果) (1)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法: ① 非延续性动词与短暂性时间(点)连用。 He joined the League three years ago.他入团 3 年了。(他 3 年前入的团) ② 用“It is/ has been+时间段+ since…….”句型 It is/has been three years since I bought the book 我买了这本书 3 年了。(从我买这本书到现在 3 年了) ③ 用相应的延续性动词替换非延续性动词，句子用现在完成时，时间状语为“for+时间段”或 “ since+时间点＂“ since 引导的从句(过去时)” “ since+一段时间+ago” The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.那位老人去世 4 年了。 I borrowed the book 5 days ago. =I have kept the book since 5 days ago 我借了这本书 5 天了。 (2)非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 ① 非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态。 borrow-keep buy- have catch a cold-have a cold put on –wear get to know-know ② 非延续性动词转化为＂be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”。 bear-be born return-be back marry-be married begin/start-be on go out- be out get to/arrive in(at)/reach-be (in/at) die-be dead open -be open leave-be away finish/end/stop--be over fall ill-be ill get up-be up fall asleep—be asleep become-be join- be in/be a member of make friends- be friends come/go-be+相应的介词短语 leave-be away come back-be back wake up-be awake 拓展：现在完成时 时间标志词 1. already、ever、 never、just, yet、still 3.in the past/last three years/… 5. for three years，for+一段时间 2. recently, lately, so far, up to/till now 4. since1998， since+时间点 练习题： 1. She ______this book for nearly three weeks A has borrowed B has lent C. has bought D has kept 2．（2014・北京）He _____in this factory for 20 years already. A. will work B works C has worked D is working 3. More than ten years has passed _____the CCTV event People Who