高考英语二轮复习专题：阅读理解 【考纲解读】 研读《2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）内容可知，高考英语阅 读理解旨在考查考生的语言综合运用能力，要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话 题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。要求考生具体做到： （1）理解主旨要义; （2）理解文中具体信息; （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义; （4）做出判断和推理; （5）理解文章的基本结构; （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 【高频考点】 考点 1：主旨大意题——理解主旨要义 【解题策略】 第一步：确定文章的主题词。通过文章阅读和其他题目的解答，确定文章的主题词。 文章通常围绕主题词展开，主旨题的正确答案当然要包括文章主题词或主题词的同义改写 词。 第二步：确定文章的主题句。主题句通常具有以下一些特征：1. 举例子的句子不是主 题句，前后句可能是主题句;2. 问句不是主题句，回答句可能是主题句;3. 首段转折处常为 文章的主题句;4. 主题句常包含文章的主题词;5. 主题句常包含主次之分的表达（A rather than B 等）;6. 主题句常包含时间提示词（recently、 today 等）;7. 定义型的句子（be called as、 be known as、 is 和 are 等）;8. 强调型的句子（stress、 focus 等）;9. 总结 型的句子（research indicates、 study suggests 等）。 第三步：总结文章的主旨。根据文章的主题词和主题句，概括文章主旨，并与选项进 行比对确定正确答案。 【考题调研】 （全国乙卷）During the rosy years of elementary school （小学）， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweeds and teens， and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others， among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Princeton， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers. The likable plays well with others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jump start interpersonal skills and， when tapped early， are employed ever after in life and work. Then there s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence： status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed， Dr. Princeton s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school， as well as those least liked in elementary school， are “most likely to engage （从事） in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study， Dr. Princeton examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents， scoring the least liked， the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys （调查研究）. “We found that the least well liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Princeton has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing， kindness， openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research， Dr. Princeton came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes， but it is also responsible for those outcomes， too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage， ” he said. 35. What is the best title for the text？ A. Be Nice—You Won t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status， the Better C. Be the Best—You Can Make It D. More Self Control， Less Aggressiveness 35. A 【答案解析】 主旨题。纵观全文，作者论述受欢迎度对青少年的影响。本题 A 选项学生理解起来较 困难，可通过排除法去做;B 选项“地位越高越好”，显然违背文章主旨;C 选项“成为最好的 自己，你可以的”，有一定干扰性，但文中没有提到成为最好的，而是要成为最受欢迎 的;D 选项“多一些自我控制，少一些攻击性”，文中没有提到自我控制。再根据最后一段中 的 Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage 可推知，正确选项为 A “友善一点 （讨人喜欢）， 你将不会排在最后 （你不会完蛋 / 你会笑到最后） ”。finish 获得 （名次），如 finish first / second etc.。 考点 2： 推理判断题——做出合理的推理判断 【解题策略】 第一步：依据题干和选项及“顺序原则”确定信息源。推理判断题应该首先按照题干要 求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。 第二步：比对原文和选项进行推理和甄 选。推理需注意以下三点： 1. 直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 2. 推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推 断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。 3. 不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观臆断都是错误的。 【考题调研】 （全国乙卷）For Canaan Elementary s second grade in Patchogue， N.Y.， today is speech day， and right now it s Chris Palaces s turn. The 8 year old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes， he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he s nervous. “I m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “- ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non native English speakers. His teacher， Thom mass Whaley， is next to him， whispering support. “...Vote for... me...” Except for some stumbles， Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion， Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants， Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls （回想起） how at the beginning of the year， when called u