十年（2010~2020）高考英语真题分项详解 04 英语词法﹒介词（短语） 1.(2020﹒江苏）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests. A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for 作为交换；B. in answer to 回答；C. in contact with 接触，与……有联系；D. in memory of 纪念。根据空后 someone who shares your interests 及常识可知，此处指“和与你有 共同兴趣的人接触”。故选 C。 2.(2020﹒天津)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey. A. in the shape of B. beyond the reach of C. at the mercy of D. on the side of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。 A. in the shape of 呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of 超出……的能力之外 C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of 拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子”形状”的。故选 A。 3.(2020﹒浙江﹒语法填空)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56 ，through agriculture. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前 10000 年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他 们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词 the world 的定语从句，定语 从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填 in。 4.(2020﹒全国卷 I﹒语法填空)The far side of the moon is of particular interest (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. 【答案】than 【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so 可知，此处填介词 than，表示“比……更”。故填 than。 5.(2020﹒全国卷 II﹒语法填空)Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. 【答案】with 【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with 与……相联系。故填 with。 6.(2020﹒全国卷 III﹒语法填空)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折 服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。 7.(2020﹒新高考全国 I 卷（山东）﹒语法填空)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是 固定短语:compete for，意为:”为了……竞争”。故填 for。 8.(2019﹒江苏)Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development. A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际上；B. in command 指挥；C. in turn 轮流，依次；D. in shape 在外形上，处于 良好的状态。故选 A。 9.(2019﹒浙江)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“… …的答案是……”。故填 to。 10.(2019﹒新课标 I 卷)Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北 极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。 11.(2018﹒北京)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee 先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三 下午（和 Mr. Lee 见面）。make an appointment for 意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故 A 选项正确。 12.(2018﹒天津)Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不 写一份报告，但他终究去了。A.at first 起初；B.after all 毕竟，终究。C.above all 首先；D.at random 随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选 B。 13.(2018﹒江苏)China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中 国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with 按照；与...一致；B. in reply to 答复；C. in return for 作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of 为纪念。故选 A。 14.(2017﹒北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词。句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词 in。make a living in fishing industry“靠渔业谋生”。 15.(2017﹒江苏)Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to 对比，截然不同；B. in defense of 为…… 辩护；C. in face of 面对；D. in relation to 与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍 然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选 D。 16.(2017﹒天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _________ trees that are over 1,000 years old. A. among B. against C. behind D. below 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过百年历史的树 木之间。be among 位于……之间，故选 A。 17.(2017﹒天津)We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to work ha