备考 2022 高考英语新闻热点原创阅读理解语法填空组合练 01 新闻热点 01 序 号 1 2 3 4 内容 内容 阅读理 新的研究表明，男性比女性更容易收到优秀的推荐信。 解 阅读理 解 语法填 奥地利研发出了一款智能导航鞋。 面对突如其来的洪水 如何自救？ 空 语法填 糖吃太多，会更抑郁？警惕！这 5 个生活习惯让人变“丧” 空 Passage 1 As in many other fields, gender bias（性别歧视） pervades the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring, and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM fields. And, new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too. "Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had." Kuheli Dutt (koo-HAY-lee), a social scientist and diversity officer, at Columbia University's Lamont campus. Compare those excellent letters, she says, to a merely 'good' letter: "the candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise" but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one-of-a-kind. Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoc positions in geoscience. They were all redacted for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the sex of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to snag superlative letters, compared to their male counterparts. That includes letters of rec from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience. Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the archival data. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers— starting with those less-than-outstanding letters of rec. "We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level." Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves. 1 which of the following qualities is more likely to be chosen? A intelligent B productive C a solid scientist D one-of-a-kind 2 What does the underlined word “pervades” in the first paragraph probably mean? A control B benefit C spread D apply 3 What’s the following topic the author will discuss about? A the difference between the male scientists and female scientists B the unfair situation of the female candidates C The male applicants are better than female applicants D some suggestions for the letter writers 4.Where are you most likely to find the passage? A a science journal B a travel leaflet C a literature review D science fiction Passage 2 Austrian company Tec-Innovation recently unveiled smart shoes that use ultrasonic sensors to help people suffering from blindness or vision impairment to detect obstacles up to four meters away. Known as InnoMake, the smart shoe aims to become an alternative to the decadesold walking stick that millions of people around the world depend on to get around as safely as possible. The currently available model relies on sensors to detect obstacles and warns the wearer via vibration and an audible alert sounded on a Bluetooth-linked smartphone. That sounds impressive enough, but the company is already working on a much more advanced version that incorporates cameras and artificial intelligence to not only detect obstacles but also their nature. "Not only is the warning that I am facing an obstacle relevant, but also the information about what kind of obstacle I am facing. Because it makes a big difference whether it’s a wall, a car or a staircase,” Markus Raffer, one of the founders of Tec-Innovation, told TechXplore. "Ultrasonic sensors on the toe of the shoe detect obstacles up to four meters away. The wearer is then warned by vibration and/or acoustic signals. This works very well and is already a great help to me personally,” Raffer, himself visually impaired, added. The current version of the InnoMake shoe is already available for purchase on the Tec-Innovation website, for €3,200 per pair. The advanced system is integrated in the front of the shoes, in a waterproof and dustproof case. It is powered by a heavy-duty battery that can last for up to one week, depending on use. The battery can be charged in just three hours, using a USB cable. The next