十年（2010~2020）高考英语真题分项详解 13 英语句法﹒时态和语态 1.(2010﹒全国卷 I)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—-你读完了 Jane Eyre 吗？--—没有, 我昨天一直做作业。可以根据句意解 答, 也可以使用排除法。A 表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有 all day yesterday 时间提示为过去, 应该选择与过去相关的时态, 排除 D。B 为过去将来时不 符合题意, C 过去完成时是过去的过去, 使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时, 题干中没 有一般过去时因此也排除。 2.(2010﹒全国卷 I)When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。此题可以根据句意也 可以使用排除法。句意为 “当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B 选项使用 现在完成时表示将来完成, 译为 “已经……”。同时也可以使用排除法, arrive 既可以使用现在 进行时表示将来也可以用 will + do 表示将来, 因此 A 和 D 同时排除, C 为过去完成时, 使用 过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时, 过去完成时是过去的过去, 因此 C 也排除, 选择 B. 3.(2010﹒ 全 国 卷 I)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。根据选项 make fortune 译为 “发 财”, make 在句中需要使用被动形式, 因此排除 B 和 D, 题干中 led 提示时间为过去, 因此选择 C。be to do 译为 “将会将要”, was to be made 表示过去将来。 4.(2010﹒全国卷 II)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 【答案】B 【解析】首先 the only one of …. 为先行词时, 定语从句修饰的是 one, 即 one 是主语, 而非后 面的复数 women, 根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除 A, D。另外, 从 “is”可以 看出句子是要表示一种习惯, 因此要用一般现在时, 排除 C, 故选 A 5.(2010﹒全国卷 II)Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 【答案】C 【解析】Set a table 摆放桌子, tables 为主语, 故用被动结构。make sure 后一般接宾语从句。 6.(2010﹒全国卷 II)Excuse me I________I was blocking your way. A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing 【答案】A 【解析】结合语境, 后文暗示过去时，故主句用一般过去时，故选 A。 7.(2010﹒ 上 海 )Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had 【答案】B 【解析】根据时间状语 every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时, 因此答案选 B。 8.(2010﹒ 上 海 )The church tower which ________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 【答案】D 【解析】Restore 意思为修复, 而最后一句表明工程还未完成, 因此为正在修复中, 答案选 D. 9.(2010﹒福建)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 【答案】D 【解析】 10.(2010﹒福建)–--Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. ---How nice! You________a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced 【答案】A 【解析】--猜猜看, 我们已经得到了今年夏天去香港的短期签证--太棒了, 你到时候将会感受 到不同的文化。根据句意可知要用一般将来时，故选 A。 11.(2010﹒安徽)----Were you surprised by the ending of the film? ----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story? A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read 【答案】B 【解析】句意为 “我看过书了, 已知道这个故事”。在 “knew”前已看过, 故用过去完成时。 12.(2010﹒安徽)----We’ve spent too much money recently. ----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 【答案】D 【解析】句意为 “近来我们花了太多钱了。----并不惊奇, 近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。”用 have been coming 表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。 13.(2010﹒湖南)This coastal area ________a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 【答案】A 【解析】根据主语 “This coastal area”与 name 之间的被动关系排除 B、D 两项。根据句中的 last year 判断用一般过去时, 故选 A 项。 14.(2010﹒湖南 I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it. Was it you? A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do 【答案】B 【解析】该空动作发生在 was just going to cut 之前, 即表示过去的过去, 故用过去完成时态。 句意为： “我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？” 15.(2010﹒ 湖 南 )I walked slowly through the market, where people________all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell 【答案】B B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold 【解析】根据 “I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示 “人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”, 即表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 故选 B 项。 16.(2010﹒湖南)I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping 【答案】D 【解析】句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物, 我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由 语境可判断选 D 项。 17.(2010﹒ 江 西 )Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____ since her marriage to Father. A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering 【答案】D 【解析】在本句 since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成时