主旨大意题 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归 纳能力。此类题数量较大，在 15 个题中约占 2-3 个。 1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种 ① 篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。 ② 段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻 找或总结。 2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种 ① 主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意； ② 目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的； ③ 标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。 在做题时，应该注意其设问特点和常考问题，并且以高度概括法给阅读文章整体加注标题。 对文章主 旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标 题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定 标题。 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。 标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选 择文章的标题呢？ 首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免 下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本 文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。 其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选 标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应 起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。 再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂 和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较 醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。 最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为 核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为： CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18 th 2004 in Beijing. 话题：Stamps 控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names 标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family names 中心主题句出现在文首 开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见 的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。 新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对 全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。 【2020·全国新课标 IIIC】 With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation( 孤 独 ), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-yearolds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.318 28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters. 29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law? A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling. 30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. 【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老 年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。 28.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但 Rita 在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知， Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选 B 项。 29.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一 切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合 住房子的态度是积极的。故选 A 项。 30. 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 六 段 “ Official reports suggest that the number