2019 年 10 月 22 日 过去分词作状语和定语 高考频度：★★☆☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆ 1.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【参考答案】A 【试题解析】句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。 Ordinary soap can deal with bacteria effectively.是主句， _________ correctly 是条件状语，修饰 Ordinary soap,soap 和 use 之间是被动关 系， 故用过去分词。 2. （ 2017· 天 津 卷 · 单 项 填 空 ） The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, __________ more patients to be treated. A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后 面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用 doing 即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。 being allowed 表示被动且正在进行；having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；allowed 表示被动且完成，故 选 B。 【归纳拓展】 分词作状语 1. 分词作时间状语相当于 when 引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth =as soon as sb does sth。 2. 分词作原因状语相当于 as，since，because 引导的原因状语从句。 3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。 4. 分词作条件状语相当于 if，unless 等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分 词 有 given，supposing，considering，provided，compared with 等。 5. 分词作结果状语相当于 so that 引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词 thus， thereby，only 等。 6. 分词作让步状语相当于 though 或者 even if 等引导的让步状语从句。 3.(2019·北 京卷 · 语法 填空 )Earth Day ， ___4___(mark)on 22 April ， is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 【答案】marked 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于 4 月 22 日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。 分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词 Earth Day 的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填 marked。 【归纳拓展】 注意下面几种过去分词作定语的情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，也可以放名词后作后置定 语，用以强调动作。 ☛ We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多合格的工人。 ☛ They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语时，其作用相当于一个定语 从句。 ☛ The student dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 3. 如果被修饰的词是由 every/some/any/no + thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指 示代词 those 等时，过去分词要放在被修饰词的后面。 ☛ There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 自从我离开这个城镇以来，几 乎没有什么变化。 Ⅰ. 单句改错 1. My father sat before the desk until after midnight, absorting in writing. 2. Knowing as one of the most important invention of the time, the computer helps people living in different countries to do a lot of things. 3. The party will be held in the garden, weather permitted. 4. When exposing to danger and conflict, people tend to increase blood pressure. 5. Determining to get a ticket of the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a long queue. Ⅱ. 单项填空 1. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students. A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 2. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered 3. When ___________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked 4. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message________________within the work. A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 5. It is obvious that the flowers that her friends gave her as a gift will die unless ___________. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water 6. British Broadcasting Corporation, ___________ as BBC, is an ideal radio station for those who need improving their listening. A. knowing B. know C. known D. to be known 7. Besides the tips already ___________ in the article, she advises people not to put things in piles. A. mentioning B. mentioned C. being mentioned D. to be mentioned 8. The audience ___________ before TV sets are listening to Yi Zhongtian’s stories with their eyes ___________ on him. A. seating；fixing B. seated；fixing C. seated；fixed D. seating；fixed Ⅰ.单句改错 1.absorbing→absorbed 2. Knowing→Known 4. exposing→exposed 5. Determining→Determined 3.permitted→permitting Ⅱ.. 单项填空 1. D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Jim 已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已 经有谓语了，逻辑主语 time 和 spend 之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词，此处 spent…作定语修饰 time。 2. D 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。 books 和 order 是动宾关系，即 order the books/the books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原 因状语从句 because they were ordered...，故选 D。 3. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：当被问到他对他的教学工作的看法时，Philip 说他发现它很有趣并 且值得做。逻辑主语 Philip 与 ask 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用 ask 的过去分词形式。 4. B 【解析】考查分词作定语。相当于定语从句 that is hidden within the work。A、C 项表示主动含义，D 项表 示正在进行，与语境不符。故 B 项正确。 5. A 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：很明显，除非给她朋友送她的作为礼物的花浇水，否则那些花将会 死去。unless，if，when，though 等引导状语从句时，如果主、从句的主语一致，从句中又含有 be 动词， 常把从句中的主语和 be 动词省略。此处应为 unless they are watered。flowers 与 water 构成逻辑上的动宾关 系，因此 A 项正确。 6. C 【解析】句意：英国广播公司，也就是众所周知的 BBC，对于那些需要提高听力的人来说是一个理想的广 播电台。主语 British Broadcasting Corpo