专题 10 被动语态 一、被动语态的基本知识 1. 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有 两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动 作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。 2. 用法： 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）当强调或侧重动作的承受者。例：Her bike is stolen. 二、被动语态在各种时态下的构成 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成。 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 一般过去时 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 一般将来时 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 现在进行时 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 过去进行时 The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报 告。 现在完成时 The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。 过去完成时 She said this lift had never been used. 过去将来时 The film would be shown again sometime next week. 这部电影下周的 某个时候又将上映。 情态动词 Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。 三、不用被动语态的情况 1）不及物动词或动词短语不用于被动语态。 如 appear, die, remain, rise, come out, lose heart, stand, happen, occur, lie, take place, belong to , break out, come true , disappear , last , spread 等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The meeting lasted for two hours. 2）系动词无被动语态，如： appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, remain, seem, semll, sound,stay, taste, turn。 四、主动形式表被动意义。 1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound 等 Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。 2)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。 The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。 3) 动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：在，want, need, require,deserve 等词表示“需要”时以及 be worth 后的名词必须用主动形式。 need doing = need to be done。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。 The door needs repairing .= the door needs to be repaired. 4)write, sell, wash, read, clean, iron, cut, wear, draw, cook 等词和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。 The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 The knife cuts easily. 这刀很好用。 被动语态巩固练习题 一、选择题 1. — Our classroom____________every day. — So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy. A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning 2. The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 3. People who ________ to the party are very excited. A. have invited B. has been invited C. will invite D. have been invited 4. —How often do I need to feed the dog? — It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. A. must give B. must be give C. must be given D. must be gave 5. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month. A. has been designed　 　 B. had been designed C. was designed 　　 D. would be designed 6. Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________. A. have taken, have been opened　　　 B. take, are open C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened 7. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday. A. was happened　 C. happened B. has been happened　 D. was going to happen 8. ---When _________the war_______? --- Two years ago. A. was; broken out　　　 C. Did; break our　　　　 B. had; broken out D. has; broken out 9. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will_______ fresh for several days. A. be stayed　　　 B. stay C. be staying　　　　 D. have stayed 10. --- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft. A . is feeling　 B . felt 　 C . feels　 D . is felt 11. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese． A. write B. to write　 C. to be written D. written 12. The composition doesn’t____any more. A. need to be correcting 　　 C. need be corrected 　 　 B. need to be corrected D. need be correcting 13. --- What do you think of the book? ---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time. A . to read　 B . to be read　 C . reading　 D . being read 14. The kind of cloth ________ well. A. wash B.is washed 二、句子翻译 1. 纸是由木材生产出来的。 2. 这座房是 1950 年建成的。 3. 这些花已被浇水了。 4. 作业应该准时上交。 5. 这座建筑看上去很美。 6. 她的声音听起来非常甜美。 7. 他的小说很畅销。 8. 这支钢笔很好写。） 9. 这房间需要清洁。 C.washes D.is washing 10. 知识和想法传播得很快。 专题 10 被动语态 答案 一、选择题 1-5 CDDCB 6-10ACCBC 11-14 BBCC 二、句子翻译 1. Paper is made from wood. 2. The house was built in 1950. 3. These flowers have been watered. 4. Our homework should be handed in on time. 5. The building looks very beautiful. 6. Her voice sounds quite sweet. 7. His novel sells well. 8. His pen writes smoothly. 9. The room needs /wants / requires cleaning. 10. Knowledge and ideas spread quickly.