第十讲 句子种类 【Target】  掌握：常考疑问词（6W1H）；祈使句的特征和做题技巧；感叹句 what 和 how 的使用规则；there be 句型与时态的连用  熟悉：选择疑问句；there be 句型的就近原则 【语法总览】 【陈述句】 陈述句用来说明事实、看法，描述动作、状态，阐明道理、原因等。它有两种形式，即肯定句形式和否定 句形式。注意 no, little, few, never 等词，本身表示否定意义。例如： I love my family. I will never forget it. This isn't a tall building. 如果陈述句中含有 be 动词、助动词或情态动词，在它们后面加 not 便可构成否定句；如果陈述句中的谓 语是行为动词，在谓语动词之前加 do 的适当形式再加 not 构成否定句。详见第一讲助动词。例如： He can not do the work. They don’t like cats. I didn’t go to school yesterday. 【疑问句】 一、特殊疑问句就某件事的某一具体内容提问，因此需要使用相应的特殊疑问词。另外，回答的内容也应 该是具体的。 特殊疑问词有：who, whose, when, where, what, why, which, how, how long, how many, how often, how far, how soon 等。 例如： How often do you watch TV? Where are you going to spend your holiday this summer? 二、选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况问对方选择哪一种。这种疑问句往往要求对方作出具体回答。 有两种结构：一般疑问句 + or + 选择部分 或 特殊疑问句 + 选择部分 不能用 yes 或 no 来回答。例如： —Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou? 你来自上海还是苏州？ —I'm from Suzhou. 我来自苏州。 【能力强化】 ( ) 1. — Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine (　　) 2. —Do you speak English or French? A. Yes, French. C. A dictionary ( D. Yes, both —_________. B. No, I don’t. (　 ) 3. —________ do I need to feed the pet dog? A．How long —________. C. French. D. Yes, I do. —Twice a day. B．How much ) 4. —_______ is it from Suqian to Jiuzhai valley? —About 1,200 kilometers away. But I’m not sure. C．How soon D．How often A. How often ( B. How soon C. How long D. How far C. How fast D. How many ) 5. —_______ can you read in English? —About 100 words a minute. A. How far ( B. How much ) 6. — _____ will the 6th Chinese Film Festival in France last? —From May 24th to July 19th. A. How often ( B. How soon C. How long D. How many ) 7. —______ can you finish your homework? —In about an hour. A. How long ( B. How soon C. How often D. How far ) 8. —_____ did you work out the problem in such a short time? —With Mr. Li’s help. A. When B. Where C. How D. Which 【感叹句】 what 引导结构 例句 What ＋ a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语 ＋谓语)！ What a kind girl (she is)！ What＋形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词(＋ What beautiful flowers (they are)！ 主语＋谓语)！ What bad weather (it is)！ how 引导结构 例句 How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！ How brave (the hero is)！ 【能力强化】 (　　) 1. __________delicious food my mother cooks every day! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a (　　) 2. — __________delicious beef! — Well. You can eat more if you like it. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a (　　) 3. __________good news! The World Cup will be held in South Africa. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a (　　) 4. __________terrible weather we had last Sunday! A. What B. What a C. Such D. How (　　) 5. __________ good job she does! She is really a clever girl. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a (　　) *6. —__________ interesting talk Mr. Black gave us! — Yes. We all like it very much. A. How B. What a C. What an D. How a (　　) 7. — __________ day it is ! — Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine! A. What a lovely B. How windy C. What a rainy D. How wet (　　) 8.__________wonderful Yang Liping's dance is! A. What ( B. What a C. How D. How a ) 9.—Listen!Someone is playing the piano. —Wow!________ beautiful music！I like it very much. A．What B．How a C．What a D．How (　　) 10. You can hardly imagine __________strange the alien was! A. what B. how C. what a D. how a (　　) 11. __________exciting movie I saw last night! A. What an B. What a C. What D. How (　　) 12. The little boy saved his classmates in the earthquake. __________brave he was! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an (　　) 13. __________important English speech contest they are listening to! A. What B. How C. What an D. How an (　　) 14. __________ hard work it is! A. How ( C. What a D. What an ) *15.________ great fun we had in Yandu Park last Sunday！ A．How ( B. What B．What C．What a ) 16.—________ pale you look! Are you feeling all right? —I’m not feeling well. I’ve got toothache. D．How a A. How a B. How C. What a D. What (　　) *17. —It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 100℃ below zero. —Really? ______nice surprise! A. How ( C. What a D. What an ) *18.________ heavy rain it was last night！ A．How ( B. What B．What C．What a D．How a C．What a D．How a ) *19.________ great pleasure you can help me！ A．How B．What 【祈使句】 祈使句往往用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求等。主语一般是 you，在句中常省略。谓语动词用动词原 形；其否定形式为“Don't＋动词原形(＋其他)”。例如： 概述 以动词原形开头的祈使句：Speak loudly, please. 基本结构 以 be+形容词的祈使句：Be quiet, please. Let’s+动词原形、let+名词/代词+动词原形：Let’s go home