一 Reading and Thinking 单词短语 1. adaptation n. 适应；改编本 (1)make an adaptation to... 适应…… (2)adapt vi.& vt. (使)适应；(使)适合 vt. 改编；修改 adapt to... 适应…… adapt oneself to... 使某人自己适应…… adapt sth. for/into... 把……改编成…… adapt sth. from... 由……改编 例句 ①My Fair Lady is adapted from a Greek story Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. 《窈窕淑女》改编自萧伯纳的希腊小说《皮格马利翁》。 ②The little boy made an adaptation to his new school finally. 这个小男孩终于适应了他的新学校。 ③Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate. 人类将继续适应变化的气候。 ④It is necessary for us to adapt (ourselves) to the climate here as soon as possible. 我们有必要尽快适应这里的气候。 2. comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt. 安慰；抚慰 (1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰 It's a comfort to do sth. 做……是令人安慰的事 (2)comfort sb.＝give comfort to sb. 安慰某人 (3)comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的 (4)comfortably adv. 舒适地 (5)uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的 例句 ①It's a comfort to me to know that she is safe. 知道她平安无事对我来说是一种安慰。 ②A cup of hot milk on a cold night is a real comfort. 在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶可真舒服。 ③He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortably． ＝He had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort． 他得存足够的钱，以便能过上舒适的生活。 ④My mom always comforts me when I am sick. ＝ My mom always gives comfort to me when I am sick. 在我生病时，妈妈总是给我以安慰。 注意 comfort 作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数 名词，前面常出现不定冠词 a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy 等；但 fun 例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。 3. participation n. 参加；参与 (1)participation in 参加；参与 (2)participate vi. 参加；参与 participate in (doing) sth. with sb. 与某人一起参加/参与做某事 participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事 (3)participant n. 参加者；参与者 例句 ①As far as I know, he has been an active participant in the discussion. 据我所知，他一直积极参加讨论。 ②Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions. 希望班上的每个人都积极参与这些讨论。 ③She participated with her friend in his sufferings. 她分担朋友的痛苦。 4. presentation n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出 give a presentation of 对……作陈述 make a presentation to 为……颁发奖品 例句 ①The candidates have to give a short presentation on a subject of their choice. 候选人必须就自己选择的话题进行简短的论述。 ②The president made a presentation to the businesswoman of the year. 总统为本年度最成功的女实业家颁发了奖品。 5. speak up 大声点说；明确表态 speak for 代表……讲话；为……辩护 speak one's mind 说出心里话 speak well/ill of 表扬/批评 speak of 谈起；提到 例句 ①What have you to speak for yourself? 你有什么好说的？ ②They spoke of the old days on the campus. 他们谈起校园里的往事。 ③We should not speak ill of others behind their backs. 我们不应该在背后说别人的坏话。 6. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 be at home 觉得安适；无拘束 feel/be at home with sb. 和某人合得来 be home free 稳操胜券，遥遥领先 see sb. home 送某人回家 例句 ①We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge. 和她在一起，我们感到很舒服，并对她渊博的知识印象深刻。 ②She always feels at home in her friend's house. 她在朋友家总是感到很自在。 ③John was home free in the presidential election. 约翰在总统竞选中遥遥领先。 7. engage vi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) engage in (使)从事；参与 engage oneself in 正做着，正忙着 be engaged by 为……所吸引 be engaged in 从事；正做着；正忙着 be engaged to 同……订婚 例句 ①I have no time to engage in the debate. 我没有时间参加辩论。 ②The old lady engaged herself in making clothes for her children. 那位老太太忙着给她的孩子们做衣服。 ③He was engaged to my sister. 他和我妹妹订了婚。 ④My family has been engaged in farming for generations. 我家几代都从事农业。 8. involve vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 get/be involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 involve sb. in sth. 让某人经历，让某人做(尤指令人不快的事) 例句 ①The vast masses there got/were involved in the health campaign. 那里的广大群众都参加了卫生运动。 ②Don't involve me in your crime; I had nothing to do with it! 别把我扯进你的罪案中，我可与它毫无干系。 重点句式 1. It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 句中 It was the first time that...表示“这是第一次做某事”。that 从句常用过去完成时。 句型结构 从句时态 意义 It was the first (second...) time that... 过去完成时 这是某人第……次做某事 It is the first (second...) time that... 现在完成时 例句 ①It was the first time that he had got such a good chance． 这是他第一次得到了这样的一个好机会。 ②It is the second time that they have visited this city． 这是他们第二次参观这座城市。 注意 在此句型中的 it 可用 this 或 that 来代替。 2. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要 是想知道她自己是怎么想的！ 名词性短语 the first time (that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。 (1)the first time 用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”，而 for the first time 是介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句子中作状语。 (2)引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有 every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly 等，起从属连词的作用。 例句 ①I'll never forget meeting you for the first time． 我从不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 ②Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help