形容词、副词与比较级 一、形容词 1、 定义：形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。它们没 有性和数的变化，许多形容词是通过改变名词的词尾构成的。 2.、6B Unit 1-11 单词表内出现的形容词有: huge famous several lunar indoor/outdoor sore good-looking slim poor seasonal air-conditioned possible/impossible magic public few gentle intelligent important dripping running careful careless injured burning smokey 二、副词 1、定义：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地 点、方式、程度、动作、频度等，在句中主要用作状语。 2、6B Unit 1-11 单词表内出现的副词： southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest before, already, yet, just, …ago, later, nowadays, however, really, once, possibly, around, instead, still, perhaps, tightly, slightly, quickly, happily, gently, slowly, suddenly, immediately, fiercely, carefully, seriously, even 形容词副词比较级和最高级 1、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的意义 英语中的形容词和副词，在句子里表示“比较……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。 原来的形式称为原级。 如： long 原级 longer longest 比较级 最高级 The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。（原级） The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。（比较级） The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。（最高级） 2、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1）.规则变化： (1) 通常 + er / est ： E.g.: 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 high high er the high est soft soft er the soft est fast fast er the fast est tall tall er the tall est hard hard er the hard est few few er the few est clever clever er the clever est narrow narrow er the narrow est (2) 字尾是不发音的 e 的单音节词时，+ r / st ： E.g.: 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 nice nicer the nicest fine finer the finest large larger the largest late later the latest (3) 字尾是辅音+ y 的双音节词时，去 y + ier / iest ： E.g.: 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 dry drier the driest busy busier the busiest happy happier the happiest early earlier the earliest healthy healthier the healthiest heavy heavier the heaviest (4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词时，双写 该字母 + er / est : E.g.: 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 hot hotter the hottest big bigger the biggest fat fatter the fattest thin thinner the thinnest sad sadder the saddest slim slimmer the slimmest (5) 多数双音节和多音节的词，在词前 + more / most ： E.g.: 原级 比较级 最高级 interesting more interesting the most interesting famous more famous the most famous slowly more slowly most slowly quickly more quickly most quickly 2）.不规则变化： E.g.: 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good better the best bad worse the worst many more the most much more most ill worse the worst little less least old older/ elder the oldest/eldest far farther/further farthest/furthest well better best badly worse worst 可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等 very, quite 一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级 3、形容词、副词比较级的基本用法 表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有： 1)．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A 比 B 更……”。 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意：在含有连词 than 的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 His bag is bigger than her.(错) His bag is bigger that hers.（对） The weather in Shanghai is better than Beijing. (错) The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Beijing.（对） He likes you more than she.(错) He likes you more than her.（对） 2)．在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如：Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom? 4、形容词、副词的最高级的基本用法 形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。句子中 有表示范围的词或短语，如：of the three, in our class 等等。 如： He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。 注意：形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词 the，而副词最高级前则可加可不加。 练习： 一、根据句意，用所给词的比较级或最高级形式填空： 1. There are ______ boys than girls in our class. (few) 2. ______ people came to the meeting than last time. (many) 3. Which book is ______, this one or that one? (easy) 4. My room is ______ than yours. (small) 5. The population of Beijing is ______ (large) than that of New York. 6. Hainan is ______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far) 7. Skating is ______ than swimming. (exciting) 8. Jim is ______ than all the others. (honest) 9. This radio is not so ______ as that one. (cheap) 10. It is much ______ today than yesterday. (hot) 11. I spend a lot ______ (much) time on English than before. 12. The flats in the city center are far ______ (expensive) than those in the countryside. 13. She is a little ______ (careful) than her classmates. 14. This book is even ______ (useful) than that one. 15. Winter is ______ season of the year. (cold) Keys:1.fewer 2. More 3. easier 4. smaller 5. larger 6.farther 7. more exciting 8. more honest 9. cheap 10.hotter 11.more 12. more expensive 13.more careful 14.more useful 15.the coldest 二、翻译句子 1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣。 This book is _____ _____ _____ that one. 2．你游泳没有你弟弟好。 You can’t swim ___